Conjugating the French -re Verb Mordre (to Bite)

How High In the Sky Are Clouds

Have you ever looked up at the sky while cloud watching and wondered exactly how high above ground clouds float? A clouds height is determined by a number of things, including the type of cloud  and the level at which condensation happens at that particular time of day (this changes depending on what the atmospheric conditions are). When we talk about cloud height, we have to be careful because it can mean  one of two things. It can refer to the height above ground, in which case it is called the  cloud ceiling or cloud base. Or, it can describe the  height of the cloud itself -- the distance between its base and its top, or how tall it is. This characteristic is called cloud thickness or cloud depth.   Cloud Ceiling Definition Cloud ceiling refers to the height above the earths surface of the cloud base (or of the lowest cloud layer if theres more than one type of cloud in the sky.) (ceiling because it is the Low clouds, which include cumulus and clouds, can form anywhere from near the surface up to 2,000 meters (6,500 feet).  Middle clouds form at altitudes of 2,000 to 4,000 meters (6,500 to 13,000 ft) above ground near the poles, 2,000 to 7,000 meters (6,500 to 23,000 ft) at mid-latitudes, and 2,000 to 2,600 meters (6,500 to 25,000 ft) at the tropics.  High clouds have base heights of 3,000 to 7,600 meters (10,000 to 25,000 ft) in polar regions, 5,000 to 12,200 meters (16,500 to 40,000 ft) in temperate regions, and 6,100 to 18,300 meters (20,000 to 60,000 ft) in the tropical region. Cloud ceiling is measured using a  weather instrument  known as a ceilometer. Ceilometers work by sending out an intense laser beam of light into the sky. As the laser travels through the air, it encounters cloud droplets and is scattered back to the receiver on the ground which then calculates the distance (i.e., the height of the cloud base) from the strength of the return signal. Cloud Thickness and Depth Cloud height, also known as cloud thickness or cloud depth is the distance between a clouds base, or bottom, and its top. It isnt measured directly but rather is calculated by subtracting the altitude of its top from that of its base.   Cloud thickness isnt just some arbitrary thing -- its actually related to how much precipitation a cloud is capable of producing. The thicker the cloud, the heavier the precipitation that falls from it. For example,  cumulonimbus clouds, which are among the deepest clouds, are known for their thunderstorms and heavy downpours whereas very thin clouds (like cirrus) dont generate any precipitation at all.    More: How cloudy is partly cloudy? METAR Reporting Cloud ceiling is an important weather condition for aviation safety. Because it affects visibility, it determines whether pilots can use Visual Flight Rules (VFR) or must follow Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) instead. For this reason, it is reported in METAR (METeorological Aviation Reports) but only when  sky conditions are broken, overcast, or obscured.

Student At Risk And With Disabilities - 1400 Words

STUDENT AT RISK AND WITH DISABILITIES Recently, CAI has become an acceptable instructional strategy to provide several academic outcomes for at-risk students and those with disabilities. Even though there has been research on the effects and implications of CAI on students without disabilities, there is limited research evidence about the effects of CAI on students with disabilities. Ross et al., (1991) assessed the effects of CAI on students’ attitudes toward school, grades, computer skills, standardized test scores, and teacher evaluations using the Apple Classroom of Tomorrow (ACOT) program. Subjects were at-risk seventh grade students. Results showed that the CAI group was successful in math and reading compared to the control group. However, they reported that some academic achievements were lost and students remained at risk because of lack of on-going computer use and limited access to computer lab after the two- year experiment. Considering the importance of time and o n-task behaviors in CAI, Salerno (1995) examined the mathematics achievements of at-risk fifth graders. In this study, students were randomly assigned to three groups: extended computer time; extended time on-task, and control group. All students participated in CAI, but the extended time computer group used an extra 60 minutes per week with CAI, and the extended time on-task group used special workbooks with an equal amount of instructional time independently. The study’s author used ANOVA toShow MoreRelatedAfrican American Students From Special Education1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe study also implies that all African American students are less likely than their European American colleagues to be withdrawn from special education. These African American students may exhibit lower achievement gains while in special education, according to the U.S. Department of Education, 2004 (Banks, J. j., Hughes, M. S. 2013). In 2006, the U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights reported that African American students represent 17.13% of the total public school populationRead MoreThe Number Of Youth s With Disabilities876 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Number of Youth’s with Disabilities has Increased Over the years† Youth with disability behavior increase widely over years. Research has proven children with disability have alcohol and drug problem. The issue with youths with disability they have abundant amount of access to drug rather its prescription or illicit.Special education programs reported higher alcohol and substance use than the students not involved in such programs. Disability students has a significantly higher useRead MoreLearning Disabilities Are The Most Predominant Type Of Disability962 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber of students with disabilities continues to rise, there is still evidence that shows learning disabilities are the most predominant type of disability. â€Å"Slightly fewer than half of all students with disabilities have specific learning disabilities.† (Turnbull, 2013, pg. 106) Because learning disabilities continue to be the predominate disability, it is important that teachers understand the characteristics of learning disabilities and how to acco mmodate for this specific group of students. ThisRead MoreBullying Those with Special Needs and Disabilities Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagesmust be aggressive and include an intentional act to hurt or harm someone, an imbalance of power and repetition† (Lohmann). However defined, bullying is ugly and hurtful and cruel and should be taken very seriously. Children with disabilities are at an even greater risk of being bullied, and it is not only ugly, hurtful and cruel, it is against the law and all steps necessary to eliminate bullying in this population ought to be taken. Bullying occurs in many different ways. Physical abuse can includeRead MoreMy Reading On Reading Disabilities, And The Impact That They Have On Students Education1741 Words   |  7 Pages I wanted to learn more about reading disabilities, and the impact that they have on students’ education. I was lucky that my reading problems did not impact my education, and I was able to read very well. Reading is one of the most important skills that students learn in school. Being able to reading is paramount to student’s success throughout school and life. It is estimated that 10% to 15% of school aged children have some form of a reading disability. Reading is a complex task involving decodingRead MoreThe Children Left Behind788 Words   |  3 Pages1) Learning disability is a worldwide problem affecting over 2.4 million children in the United States alone. All types of communities are afflicted by learning disabilities causing problems, but it seems children in urban areas struggle the most, as those schools generally don’t provide extra help. Disabilities like attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, and dyscalculia are issues you can see by looking at someone, and are often overlooked by schools in at risk neighborhoodsRead MoreInforming People About Reading Disability993 Words   |  4 PagesInforming People about Reading Disability Curtiss, S. L., et al. Bringing Instructional Strategies Home: Reaching Families Online . Teaching Exceptional Children January/February 2016: 160-167. Curtiss et al. (2016) express how the collaboration of teachers and parents is difficult because of the overlap between parent and teacher work schedules. The authors detail how instructors can provide online learning support for parents who support child with limited expressive communication. They highlightRead MoreChildren With Learning Disabilities Are Inherently At Risk876 Words   |  4 PagesChildren with learning disabilities are a population who are inherently at risk. They are at risk of not being able to utilize the presented curriculum, as their non-disabled peers do. They are also at risk of suffering from emotional stress and or low self-efficacy as they negotiate classrooms assignments and expectations. Our Exceptional Children text states that children with learning disabilities, â€Å"†¦ often struggle with reasoning, attention, memory, selecting and focusing on relevant stimuliRead MoreThe Impact Of School Policies And Analysis Strategies1177 Words   |  5 Pagessuspending and expelling students. The subsequent trends in punitive policy enforcement are conspicuous in a great number of states. â€Å"The national number of suspensions has increased from approximately 1.7 million in 1974 to more than 3.3 million in 2006. More recently, during the 2009–2010 school year, a reported 3,081,240.55 children were suspended at least once. With reference to expulsions nationally, in 2006 the Department of Education projected that approximately 102,077 students are expelled fromRead MoreThe Effects Of Dyslexia On Children With Dyslexia Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pages Many learning disabilities world-wide are over-looked if a child doesn’t learn at the rate of the other children, but a teacher might assume that the student is mentally challenged. That might not be the case. Students world-wide struggle with the learning disability known as dyslexia. Dyslexia is known for the way it twists words and numbers in ones’ head. It’s almost as if the persons’ mind is playing a trick on itself. The person might read the text backward or even say his or her thoughts backwards

Downfall of Education System was No School Prayer - 649 Words

â€Å"Since prayer was removed from public school classrooms in 1962, we have had a 6-fold increase in violent crime, our divorce rate has tripled,births to single mothers have increased 5-fold, the teenage suicide rate has tripled, and SAT scores have dropped 10%.(Creation Today). Reasons that represent why prayer and moments of silence should be allowed in the public school system will be expressed. This essay will represent the affirmative stance when regarding this topic of school wide prayer and moments of silence. It is not coincidental that there has been an increase in births to single mothers, divorce rates tripling, and teenage suicide increasing. Allowing prayer in schools has set valuable standards and morals for graduates and current pupils. Currently ninety percent of the countries kids are enrolled in the public school system being influenced every single day they are present. Proven by previously mentioned statistics, the majority of morals clearly dropped after the removal of prayer in public schools in 1962. Without prayer, people have become more and more obliterate to God-based values, this causes people to neglect crucial things such as the sacredness of marriage. â€Å"After 1963 divorces increased by 300% each following year†(Prayer in America) Many argue and take to the opposition that marriage is just a piece of paper, when in all generality, it is a gift from God. Single mothers, sexually transmitted diseases, divorces, violent crimes, and teen suicideShow MoreRel ated Prayer in School Essay2335 Words   |  10 PagesPrayer in School As the bell rings you walk through the lunchroom doors. It seems just like any ordinary day. You smelled the mystery lunch as soon as you walked in, you fought your way into the lunch line, and you saw the principal escorting some troublemaking kids from their tables. But wait, those kids werent the usual trouble makers. They were the kids that always follow the rules and even pray before lunch. Was this some kind of alternate universe? No, they were actually in troubleRead MoreSocial Recognition Issues of the Sioux Tribe Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagespeople who opposed the idea of accepting Native Americans into modern society. Due to the social isolationism, whether or not the Sioux Tribe would want it or not; the tribe experiences poverty and unemployment causing the people to have economical downfalls as they travel deeper into a spiraling depression. The Sioux tribe also deals with radicals who oppose any type of rights to be reserved for Native Americans, some will go as far as to push Natives, such as the Sioux tribe from their own sacred,Read MoreNursing : An Essay About Nursing1467 Words   |  6 Pagesknows somebody that is a nurse, but do they really know what they do or how they started? Have you ever wondered how nursing even started? The education of nursing began about 150 years ago. The first 100 years nursing education took place in hospital based and hospital owned schools. In the late 1940s there were about 1100 hospital owned schools in all the United States. Now there are only about a dozen or so in all the United States and none In Canada Nursing is a well-respected professionRead MoreCivil War : A Great Amount Of Tragedy For Over 20 Years1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe Somalis have suffered a great amount of tragedy for over 20 years. The ongoing Civil War has nearly decimated their culture, people, and belief systems. After the downfall of the Barre Regime, the disagreement on a replacement leader made the country completely ungoverned and lawless (Castel Kurata, 2004). War-lords and criminals have pushed to gain leadership, creating border-disputes and anarchy, causing over 400,000 Somali casualties (Castel Kurata, 2004). With no economic stability, it sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story The Story Of Mustafa Saeed 1554 Words   |  7 Pagescentury and left these nations in broken social and political structures upon their departure. The fate of the three women, Ann Hammond, Sheila Greenwood, and Isabella Seymour almost parallel the same predicaments these colonies went through. Mustafa was only concerned with enticing women into his bed and looking for new preys afterwards, leaving the women he seduces with broken hearts that are so detrimental to their existence, so incompatible with their livelihoods that would eventually lead to theirRead MoreNative American Civilization : The Aztec, Or Mexicas Essay3157 Words   |  13 PagesOne of the first societies to ever mandate education was the Aztec, or Mexicas, which allowed children of any social stature to be educated, ^ possible input in of a dash rather than a comma including slave children. It is hard to imagine that this grand empire is highly associated with their practices in h uman sacrifice. When the Spanish invaded and took over, many believed that the Aztecs will killed ^were killed by this ^the Spanish conquest, but ^;but, the truth is that illnesses brought by theRead MoreAlternative Medicine Vs Conventional Medicine2715 Words   |  11 Pages...............................................................3 The history of Alternative medicines and practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....4 Benefits of Alternative Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Downfalls of Alternative Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Benefits of Conventional Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Downfalls of Conventional Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Prices for Conventional Healthcare†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 Prices for Alternative Healthcare†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCharles I, Louis Xiv, And Peter The Great1755 Words   |  8 PagesIn the latter half of the 1600 s, monarchial systems of both England and France were changing. Three royal figure throughout history who all tried to establish a role of absolutism in their societies all of them had varying factors with the greatest success from least to greatest being Charles I, Louis XIV, and Peter the Great. Absolutism is a form of government where a king or queen rules with unrestricted powers. They are often followed in heredity by passing on the leadership through bloodlinesRead MoreKoranic Laws Give Any Of Emancipation For Women3033 Words   |  13 Pagescustody of children and education. One of the principles of Islam is to give due importance to the n ewborn, boy or girl. The father is required to guarantee his children their livelihood dice). The right of education. Knowledge occupies a prominent place among the principles of Islam. It is an obligation for every Muslim and Muslim learn and know [...] God will exalt those of you who believe and those who have been granted knowledge [...] Qur an 58/11. Thus, the education and instruction of womenRead MoreMachiavelli: The Renaissance’s Anti-Humanist2452 Words   |  10 Pagesunder the parents of Bernardo di Niccolà ² di Buoninsegna and Bartolomea de’Nelli, Niccolà ² de Bernardo Machiavelli was exposed to numerous books covering law and Classical texts in his youth, which he consequently learned to reject even before entering in Florentine politics.2 A self-taught intellectual like his father Bernardo, Machiavelli began studies in Latin at age seven. Although he was well-learned in the language by his young adulthood, he quickly refused to write his treatises in either Latin

Poverty in America free essay sample

Poverty. Poverty has many definitions depending on the type of different people in this society. It can range anywhere from not being able to pay bills to not being able to feed a family and not having a place to live. Although, according to the definition found on dictionary. com, it articulates that poverty means the state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; condition of being poor. Two motivated authors, Muhammad Yunus and Lucy Lameck, wrote two different short stories in the book â€Å"Reading the World: Ideas that Matter† that have inspired me to write this essay on the poverty and social class in third world countries. The first story is â€Å"Africans Are Not Poor† by Lucy Lameck. The reason I chose this particular story is because she goes into detail about how these people live and struggle to survive. Lameck chose to write about the Tanzanians because as a young adult she was an activist in the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). People with a substantial amount of money do not have to apply for government assistance such as food stamps or unemployment benefits. These also have things like insurance and healthcare to help them along as problems arise in life. People living in poverty do not get that luxury in insurance which gives them a sense of depreciated of self-worth. Because of this, it may be difficult to present themselves in a professional manner when searching for employment. America considers people who make less than 10,500 dollars a year, are a large part of why we have arrived at this dilemma due to the recent recession that has occurred. A lot of people go to desperate measures to provide food and other basic need for their families. For example many women become victims of trafficking, the most common form of which is prostitution as a means of survival for this economic desperation. Terrible living conditions can often compel children to abandon school in order to contribute to the family income, putting them at risk of being exploited too. This also causes many people that have lost their jobs and are making a fraction of what they are used to making for the job duties they are doing. People now work late past the time they are required to finish their daily task plus other extra work load because their coworker got let go due to the fact that their employer can not afford to pay both of their salaries. These same people now rely on unemployment checks and other government assistance programs to support their families and basic needs. It is estimated that one out of every seven houses have been taken by the banks in the last ten years alone. Because of this, America is seeing an all new kind of poverty. The middle class is slipping from steady ground and down to the bottom. People that used to make a decent living can no longer compete with this new economy. Poverty in todays society has become a major issue and it affects more people than we think. People are losing jobs and cannot help it. In this economy we live in today it is very hard to make money and provide for our families. These people cannot get all of the help they need because some people are just working the system, so they either get rejected or reject the fact they need because they do not want to categorized with those people. An example, from where Im from I use to be a cashier at Kroger for two years and so many people on food stamps and the WIC program (Women Infants Children) would come in to buy food and have iPhones and Coach Purses or even keys for Mercedes and if you have any of those thing you do not have your properties in order. This is just not fair for those people that are in dire need for food and using these programs the way they are supposed to be used for. And that is why it’s hard for normal people who work so hard for their money and still do not make enough to provide and the need for a helping hand in food programs such as these. With all this being said, people need to look into the Baptist Faith it is taught that all Christians will go through times of suffering and one of these suffering phases we go through is poverty. Many people now a days seem to be faithful to the church until they become unemployed or fall on hard times financially, and instead of looking to God they tend to blame him. God does not make bad things happen, it is not his plans to harm us but protect from the evil that is causing the suffering. I agree with the Baptist Faith on their view towards poverty. Furthermore, I believe if more people just trusted in God more faithfully and I know it is easier said than done but it would help many peoples walk with the Lord on the right path and further it.

Ap Penny Essay free essay sample

â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† was written by Mark Twain. He wrote the book to show some of the manger issues in the 1800’s. Mark Twain uses a lot of satire and irony in the story to get his point though better. Some of the issues in that time were slavery and the judgment of your race or skin color. Mark Twain shows these issues though the eyes of Huck Finn sometime children may have better heart then the elders. Throughout the novel Mark Twain uses satire to mock many different aspects of the modern world or modern life. A good example would be when satire was used throughout the idea of the family feud, The Shepardsons and Grangerfords. A pair of feuding families no one could even remember why they were fighting or hated each other so much. There is no point on fighting if one can’t remember why but they keep on going guess it runs until the end of one family. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Penny Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This feud is said to compare to one particular feud during the same time period between two families, the Hatfields and the McCoys. These two families had a huge feud that lasted for many years. There is a great deal of pain between both families that they can’t let go but there is no real reason of why they were fighting in the first place. The feud will go on it is a part of human nature. Mark Twain wrote about a boy, Huck Finn a young boy with a dream of freedom and adventure. Huck is under the care of Mrs. Watson who wants to teach him how life would be lived. She wants him to be modern like her but Huck is nothing like that but then he was taken from her by his father, an old drunk man that can’t live without beer in his system. Huck is so badly treated by his father that he fakes his own death to get away from his father and runs off to Jackson Island. Once on Jackson Island he meets a man, Jim a runaway slave from him town. Then they began a wonderful friendship. Mark Twain uses many different rhetorical devices in his story; one that he uses is symbolism. The story mostly takes place in the Mississippi river where Huck Finn and Jim ride on a raft. Mark Twain shows symbolism throughout Mrs. Watson, Jim, and the Mississippi river. Jim symbolizes all the slaves, Mississippi River symbolizes freedom, and Mrs. Watson symbolizes the way all white people thought in that time period. Mark Twain uses dialect throughout â€Å"the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn† is very effective; it helps to move us through the story and the emotions. An example would how Mark Twain uses the word â€Å"nigger† throughout the novel, he does not mean it purely in a racist way, since it was the term used to mean â€Å"black person†. Satiric irony is used as well in the story an example would when the steam boat explosion; Aunt Sally asks Huck, â€Å"Good gracious! Anybody hurt? † and Huck says, No’s. Killed a nigger. Aunt sally responds, we’ll its lucky; because sometimes people do get hurt. Obviously, Aunt Sally does not think Blacks are people. They are simply property to her. Aunt Sally believes she is talking to her nephew Tom but in reality it is Huck which makes the irony of the situation stronger because she is supposed to be talking to a family member and setting a good example. Mark Twain shows people who they really are. He uses many things in his novel he used symbolism, dialect, and satire. To show a different perspective about society and struggles differences and similarities; and right from wrong. Mark Twain appeals this to the many readers who agree. Mark Twain shows his readers how life was and how it could have stayed if we didn’t learn how to be more human. We human tended to learn thing the hard way.

Operating System Security

Question: Discuss about operating system authentication strategies, attack strategies and techniques and security measures techniques? Answer: Introduction A computer system comprises of hardware, software and processes that is a kind of abstraction of a real business or process model that exists in the world. These systems are used by humans that belong to a system that is outside this computer system. Thus, computer systems use an abstract concept to identify them and they are presented as a user account. This user account acts as an object that has multiple attributes ranging from a login ID to security identifier. Security involves prevention of unauthorized people or entities from accessing systems. It is established to maintain the confidentiality of data, integrity of the same and assuring timely availability of information to authorized people or entities. Background The operating systems play a crucial role in any network as it interacts with multiple devices and machines over a network such that it allocates resources for performing all operations involving these devices as well as involving internal system. These resources include CPU, drive memory, communication ports, and drivers and so on. Moreover, all the applications runover an operating system and use its resources and thus, security of operating system is of prime importance to any security breach or issue can affect all applications running on an operating system. Moreover, a break into one application by a hacker can also cause breaches of security in other applications running on the operating system if the operating system is severely affected(Yang, 2003). To understand how a security system can protect unauthorized users from entering an operating system, it would be essential to understand the process of authentication that is used by operating systems. Moreover, there would also be required an understanding of how attacks may happen over an operating system by unauthorized users if security measures have to be taken. Lastly, security measures and techniques can be studied to understand how they stop or prevent attached in the case of real operating system protection. Thus, in this report, the critical analyzes would be followed in a stepwise manner beginning with the understanding of the Authorization strategies used for protection of operating systems, attack techniques used by unauthorized users for penetrating operating system and the strategies that are used for protection by security providers. Critical Analysis Operating System Authentication Strategies Authentication for humans can be based on five criteria that include something they know such as password or PIN, something they have such as token number, something they do such that they can be asked to perform certain actions to be able to authorize themselves, something they are such as biometric identification and where they are by identification of location. Something they know: This method of authentication is very commonly used, and the authentication passwords are easy to guess making the system vulnerable to unauthorized access. Traditionally passwords used plaintext that was very easy to crack but today systems use stored hashed. However, some of the authentication schemes such as challenge and response still need plaintext. A usual hashed authentication process would involve storage of pass word as a function f(PW) where f cannot be inverted. When a user enters a password, PW, f(PW) is calculated and compared for authentication. For prevention of pre-computation attacks, random salt is added while changing password such that the function stored is salt, f(PW,salt). Further, access control systems are used by operating systems to protect these hashed passwords. However, hackers can still run password guessing programs even in case challenge/response approach is used. Something they have: In such cases, a challenge is thrown to the users having secret cryptographic key for specific time and day often in combination with a PIN such that the user can be guarded against loss or theft of confidential data. Something they do: The users are asked to perform an action that can be used to identify them as humans to ensure that is not the malicious code trying to spoof in the system. User of two-factor authentication, captcha, one-time password generation are some of the examples of such approaches. Something they are: Biometric identification methods such as Fingerprint readers and iris scans work best when they are stored locally as otherwise they can face scenarios of false positive or false negative and user can become a victim of spoofing attacks. Somewhere they are: A user can be identified as per the location such that if the location from where user logs into a system is other than the usual location, the login attempts can either be prevented, or user can be warned about possible attacks such as done in cases of email accounts such as provided by Google. Attack Strategies and Techniques There can be several types of attack strategies that can be used for penetrating operating systems. Trojan horses, login spoofing and use of buggy software are some of the very common techniques used by attackers. Trojan Horses: Trojan horses trick users to run programs that have obnoxious codes. These programs may include viruses and worms, and when they are run by a users, they can change file permissions. Login Spoofing: In login spoofing, a fake prompt asking for credentials and if the same are entered, ID and passwords can be obtained by hackers from users. Computer Virus: It is a program containing malicious code that has the capability to copy itself in a system without permission using deception strategies such as overwriting of genuine files, acting companion to an EXE file, appending code to EXE files such as done by Vienna virus, insertion of malicious code at the start of a program, filling code into an empty space without affecting original program such as done by Lehigh virus, compression of host content such as done by Whales virus, boot sector virus, macro virus running on specific applications such as Microsoft Word, and so on. Security Measures techniques There are several security measures taken, and many of these are targeted to prevent specific types of attacks. For instance, to protect a Trojan Horse program to affect an operating system, operating systems provide Sandboxes, which is an environment in which a program can be executed without affecting rest of the machine that is used. Another trick is having a very limited interaction with the operating system and the outside world, but it can be very difficult to follow in many cases. For preventing login spoofing, trusted paths are used with a user initiated sequence that can guarantee that right operating system is reached out. Military Classification Model Blocking executable is another strategy that is commonly used for preventing unauthorized software runs. However, this causes issues when one tries to run executable files for fixing bugs. In such cases, certified systems make use of Military Classification Model, which define security levels such that every document can be classified as belonging to a certain level with each level being given a set of clearances. One can view only those documents that have these clearances. These classifications identify documents as confidential, secret, top secret and can compartmentalize the same into Crypto, Subs or NoForns. Clearances have to be obtained for each compartment to be able to view files. Systems using such classification schemes for documents security are called multi-level security systems(CS, 2015). Discretionary Access Control As per US government, Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria is used for operating system security assurance which requires operating systems to use Discretionary Access Control (DAC). This to some extent provides protection to the system in a time-sharing environment or in case of multi-tasking thereby protecting operating system mainstream. However, this does not guarantee protection of individual applications that run on the operating system. A B Class level of security is mandatory in the case of use of Mandatory Access Control (MAC), but the benefit of the same cannot be drawn upon in the systems using DAC efficiently. Preventive Measures In 2009, an investigation was done by DSD on targeted cyber intrusions and with the preventive mechanisms studied, in 2010, Australian Defense Signals Doctorate (DSD) list was published with 35 mitigation strategies identified, out of which top key measures of prevention including patch updating of operating system, patching of third-party applications, restricting of admin privileges to regular users, and use of only white-listed applications. When white-listing is implemented, it makes it difficult for the intruder to compromise a communication and information system as it ensures that only authorized applications are allowed to run on a system thereby preventing applications with malicious codes from running. Before operating system security can be established and patches are properly upgraded as required, risks have to be assessed, and a system deployment plan has to be created. System security planning process may be used for preventing operating systems. A proper planning proce ss may be used for ensuring complete safety through identification of critical content to be secured, use of network protection mechanisms and use of appropriate processes for maintenance of the operating system security(Australian Government, 2012). The first step in securing a system as used by major organizations or security officials is system hardening which involves installation of operating system and its patches. Further, operating system would be hardened and configured. Further additional security controls such as firewalls, anti-virus and intrusion detection systems can be installed for further hardening of security of operating system. Initially, there were various detection systems used for identifying patterns of virus activities such as string scan, mismatch detection, wildcards, bookmarking, smart scan, skeleton detection, specific virus detection and heuristics. However, only the use of security systems is not sufficient unless they are tested for their capability to address security needs of an operating system. Moreover, detection methods can only be useful in the cases of known viruses such that they are required to be frequently updated to remain effective for new cases of attacks. Also, detection of metamorp hic viruses that know antivirus loopholes can be difficult to detect by static and dynamic techniques of anomaly detection and thus new approaches are required to be explored(Daoud, Jebril, Zaqaibeh, 2008). Encryption Technology Encryption is used for securing data that is in transit and to be able to use encryption on data; appropriate cryptographic keys have to be created, signed, secured and configured. In case of IPSec and TLS, appropriate private keys are also generated, and if SSH is used then server and client keys are created. Security Maintenance Security establishment is the first step but it is not sufficient to keep operating system secure in the long run for which security is also required to be maintained for the system for which certain mechanism may be used such as monitoring and analysis of logging information, regular backups, security recovery, security system testing, and use of maintenance through patches and updates for monitoring and revision of configuration. Process Homeostasis Modern computer systems face several challenges including data loss, server hacking, system crashes and so on. Most of these issues result from the abnormal behavior of systems or program. Homeostasis is a technique used by Linux 2.2 kernel that can be used for detection of unusual behavior of a program through the study of short sequences of system calls. Unusual behavior can be in the form of system slow down and delays. Unusual program behavior can lead to set of symptoms such as data corruption, security isolation, crashes, but there are no inbuilt in mechanisms in an operating system that can respond to such anomalies and thus, for this a system called pH or Process Homeostasis based on the structure of biological system have been tested. There is a rise in complexities with increasing data shared through internet and network connections leading to additional and new security issues making systems vulnerable to crashes. Unlike an isolated system, a networked system cannot remain consistent over time but changes frequently. Thus, monitoring and keeping track of activities happening in an operating system that is connected to the network can be crucial for understanding and identifying vulnerabilities and attacks. In such cases, a program is used for identifying legal behavior as well as unusual events that result into issues such as communication failures and invalidation of data with rarely used codes getting executed. In this approach, detectors are developed for recognizing explicit behavior or a program through data streams scanning such that attack signatures can be identified. However, this approach also has its limitations as it is difficult to identify all types of behavior when a program can malfunction. Also, such programs are required to be regularly upgraded to be able to detect new anomalies. Detection and learning of unusual and normal program behavior can enhance the security of an operating system. In homeostasis, several types of detectors and effectors are used for creating a stable environment of an operating system. Conclusion The paper discussed various security and control measures that could be used for attaining and maintaining security for an operating system. It was found that to have an efficient security system; a proper security planning process can be used beginning with operating system hardening which involves upgrading of system and installation of patches followed by installation of additional security measures such as firewall systems, intrusion detection, and anti-virus applications. Moreover, some innovative and new techniques like homeostasis can also be used for prevention of attacks on operating systems. The choice of appropriate method would not be possible without the study of actual system and the content that needs to be protected as well as the programs or applications that would be run on the system. References Australian Government. (2012). Top four mitigation strategies to protect your ICT system. Australian Government. Bosworth, S. and Kabay, M. (2002).Computer security handbook. New York: John Wiley Sons. (2015). Security and Operating Systems. Columbia: CS. Daoud, E. A., Jebril, I. H., Zaqaibeh, B. (2008). Computer Virus Strategies and Detection Methods. Int. J. Open Problems Compt. Math , 29-36. Finzel, T. (1992). Trends in Operating System Security.Information Systems Security, 1(1), pp.50-57. Franklin, I. (2001). Securing the Operating System.Network Security, 2001(5), pp.12-13. Franklin, I. (2001). Securing the Operating System.Network Security, 2001(5), pp.12-13. Hopkins, P. (2015). Operating System Security.Engineering Technology Reference. Irtegov, D. (2003).Operating system fundamentals. Hingham, Mass.: Charles River Media. Ning, P., Xu, D. (2003). Learning Attack Strategies from Intrusion Alerts. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University. Post, G. (1987). Improving operating system security.Computers Security, 6(5), pp.417-425. Silberschatz, A., Galvin, P. and Gagne, G. (2005).Operating system concepts. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley Sons. Vacca, J. (2014).Network and system security. Amsterdam: Syngress. Yang, C.-Q. (2003). Global Information Assurance Certification Paper. SANS Institute.

Why Businesses Should Use Myspace - The Writers For Hire

WHY BUSINESSES SHOULD USE MYSPACE Principles that have traditionally been used for search engine optimization are now being applied to a new wave of internet marketing techniques – social media optimization, or SMO. That’s using things like Myspace, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook. But aren’t networks like Myspace only for the Generation Nexters? The typical Myspace encompasses a broad demographic, since Myspace is still currently the big kahuna of social networks. Should businesses use this Myspace thing after all, or just forget it? The answer is definitely yes, especially if you already have a social media marketing campaign underway and you have a little time to dedicate to updating your profiles. Companies who feel that they don’t have enough time for Myspace, or that there isn’t a need for a business profile on Myspace should consider the following: 1. Word of Mouth Any business revolves around one thing: relations. Today, most companies operate using traditional modes of communication, mainly telephones and email. And Myspace can be used as just another mode of communication to link with current, past, and potential customers. With Myspace, you build your community by adding friends. And then their friends can link to your profile as well. Features like bulletins are used in the same way as email – only it blankets your entire â€Å"friend† base at once. For instance, you can post a bulletin about a current promotion and have it appear on your entire community’s homepage as soon as they log in. By providing content that is entertaining and useful, you can start connecting and building relationships with clients using new, internet-based communication tools. 2. Search Engine Optimization Search engines pick up Myspace pages – what better way to multiply your internet presence by having an page, in addition to your website, where users can go and check out your business. 3. Pictures and Video Engage your target audience by uploading pictures of yourself, your offices, your products, your logo, and even printable coupons or whatever you feel is relevant – it will give your audience a better understanding of who you are and what you can offer. There’s also an option for you to upload video to your page. Myspace videos can become viral, meaning that if one user likes it, they recommend it to their friends, and then their friends’ friends, and so on. 4. Company Overview Your Myspace profile is an extension of your business. You can customize your profile to match your company’s colors, and give users a detailed overview of your company and your product offerings. Having your business on Myspace allows you to market your brand to over 100 million current users. Ultimately, the decision is yours: Only you know your business’ specific needs and your specific client demographic. Myspace may or may not be the right fit. For more reading about Social Media Optimization and to determine if Myspace is right for your business, check out Associate Content’s article, Using Myspace to Promote a Company’s Visibility.